Condoms are probably the first form of contraception you learn about, they are these wonderful little things that come in all shapes, sizes, colours, flavours and materials with the sole purpose of preventing pregnancy and STD transmission. Whilst I can't say I've met anyone who says they are their favourite form of protection, an important one they are. Particularly with a new or casual partner, who's sexual history and activity you might not be fully aware of.

So how do we use them? Seems simple really, but it is important that they are put on correctly -

-   As with all sex based activity let's just start by making sure everyone involved is a consenting adult, got it? Got it. Ok.
-   Now let's make sure we've picked the right condom for the penises involved, and please don't take notice of anyone that tells you they are TOO BIG to wear a condom. These things are made to accommodate all sizes. 
-   Take note of any allergies you or your partner may have to certain materials or spermicides, an allergy to latex is not uncommon. There are alternatives.
-   using clean hands, remove the packaging being extra careful not to snag or tear the condom in the process
-   Make sure the penis is HARD before applying, ever tried thumbing a soft one in? It's about as pleasureless and pointless as it sounds. 
-   Place the still rolled condom over the head of the penis and using two fingers gently roll the condom to the base of the penis. This is important, don't leave it half way, this will be uncomfortable and it could come off.
-   Quick check for any snags or tears, squirt on your choice of lube and get going.

‍

How to put a Condom on 

Sex is wonderful and lovely and intimate and dirty and erotic and everything in between, and sometimes it is spontaneous, late at night or a quickie before work. The excitement is often one of the best bits about sex, and with that in mind, the aftercare is often overlooked. I definitely didn't consider sexual aftercare until I started shooting in the adult industry and realised that sex is a physical workout for my body and my genitals and having sex with different people, sometimes in the same day, required aftercare and hygiene upgrades on my part.

Of course, not everyone reading this will be shooting regular porn movies, but it is important to consider aftercare in your private and personal sex life. Here are a few things to do after sex, that can help improve your experience:

-   **Pee after sex.** One of the first rules of sex, particularly for people with vulvas, is that you should urinate after intercourse. During sex, bacteria can get into your urethra, the tube that carries urine out of your body, this raises your chances of infection, so when you pee after sex you flush those germs out!
-   **Clean yourself, but keep it simple.** A gentle wash or wipe to get rid of any germs or bacteria and washing your hands after sex, is all you really need. It's important to keep clean up simple to avoid upsetting the delicate Ph balance in your vagina (if you have a vagina) store bought sprays, creams, scented wipes and douches should be avoided, the vagina is a self cleaning organ and works better with just simple washing and drying. 
-   **Clean any sex toys used.** Apart from it being common sense to clean an object that has been inserted into any orifices, bacteria , viruses and fungi can hang around on sex toys after you're done with them. You don't want them rearing their ugly head next time you use your toys. A little warm water and gentle soap goes a long way.
-   **Think about getting tested.** If you're having sex with a new partner, consider having an STD screening afterward, these are often free at your local sexual health clinic and can give you piece of mind.**‍**
-   **Are you pregnant?** If you're pregnant having sex is perfectly fine, and even good for you! It can even help bring on labor if you are overdue! But you are more likely to get infections and UTIs during this time, therefore it is even more important to take care of the basics - pee after sex, wash your vulva, and drink more water - encourage your partner to do the same.

Aftercare

Did you know that oral sex can also transmit STDs? Well, there's a solution to this, and it's called the 'dental dam'. Definitely not the sexiest name, but it protects you against STDs and safety is pretty damn sexy.

A mental dam is a flexible and thin piece of latex. It protects the mouth during vaginal and anal oral sex against STDs. The dental dam is a barrier, that reduces the risk of STDs during oral sex. This can also protect you against HPV, pubic lice and more.

You may have a hard time finding dental dams in a pharmacy or supermarket, as they don't usually stock them. So, try an adult store or order them online. If you want to spice things up you can even try a flavoured dental dam. However, if you have a latex allergy make sure that you buy a latex free one.

#### How to use a dental dam:

1.  Carefully open the dental dam and remove it from the package.
2.  Place the dental dam on your vagina or anus. Make sure you place it flat and that it covers the vagina or anus. 
3.  After use, throw the dental dam into the trash.

#### Can't find a dental dam anywhere, but want to use one? Did you know that you can make a condom into a dental dam? 

#### Here's how:

1.  Open the condom package carefully 
2.  Cut the tip of the condom off 
3.  Cut off the bottom of the condom 
4.  Cut down one side of the condom 
5.  Lay the condom flat over the anus or vagina.f

What is a Dental Dam

At Freyja, our motto is safety is sexy! Condoms are a great, safe way to protect you against STDs and pregnancy. So, what better way to make safety even sexier by adding sustainability into the mix! Sustainable and eco-friendly condoms are the future. Now you can practice safe sex and help the environment.

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Sustainable/Eco-Friendly Condoms 

#### The Basics

Cleaning and properly storing your sex toys is super important. By properly cleaning your sex toys you can help prevent infections. And yes, STIs can spread through sex toys!You should wash your toys regularly, and by regularly we mean every time you use them. When you buy a toy you should find out what material it is made from and how it should be cleaned. There should be an information leaflet that comes with the toy. In addition, you should try to avoid poroustoys as they can gather bacteria inside the toy even after cleaning. Non-porous toys are much safer to use.

When using toys communally you should be using protection. This is as placing a condom on a sex toy will reduce your risk infection. 

#### The Do's and Don'ts

Cleaning toys is super easy. Here are some basic dos and don'ts:

**Do **clean your toys before and after you use them

**Do** use a sex toy cleaner - the cleaner the sexier

**Do **remove any sex toy batteries and close the battery compartment tightly before you clean the toy

‍**Do not** put your sex toys away before they are entirely dry

**Do not** leave your sex toys on a radiator

**Do not** store your freshly cleaned toys together.

#### Cleaning different materials

**Porous materials**

You can clean porous materials with soap and water or a toy cleaner. After you have washed your toy let it air and dry before you place it back into storage. Porous toys have small holes/pores where bacteria can live so keep this in mind. It's probably better to keep porous toys to yourself and not to share them. Or if you do share them us a condom on them.

**Nonporous toys**

Nonporous toys are silicone, glass, or steel toys. These can be cleaned with liquid soap or a cleaner for toys. Then you can air dry them. If the toy is non-motorized or non vibrating then you can put them in boiling water to clean thoroughly.

You should place it in boiling water for around 8-10 minutes or run it through the dishwasher without soap.

#### Cleaning different types of toys

**Vibrator**

For motorised toys like vibrators, you want to be careful not to create water damage that will stop your toy from working. The trick is to use sex toy cleaner or soap. You can use a damp cloth to wipe the sex toy clean, without submerging it in water.

**Dildo**

If your dildo is motorised (i.e. it uses batteries or is chargeable), then the same vibrator rules apply: don't submerge your toy in water and just wipe it clean. For non-motorised dildos made out of a non-porous material, like silicone, stainless steel, stone or Pyrex glass, you can submerge your toy in water to properly clean it.

**Anal Sex toys**

Cleaning anal sex toys might feel like it requires a more complex routine than other sex toys which are used in the vagina, on the penis or elsewhere. However, you can clean anal sex toys using the same technique as your other toys: with warm water and a sex toy cleaner or mild soap. Just avoid submerging motorised anal toys.

**Butt Plug**

The same goes for butt plugs: you can clean these little pocket rockets just as you would any other sex toy, using either a sex toy cleaner or soap. Again, if it's motorised, steer clear of submerging it in water.

**Flesh lights**

Realistic-feel sex toys are made from a mix of (usually trademarked) materials that are formulated to feel as close to real skin as possible. For realistic-feel sex toys, there's one extra step to take in order to keep them feeling soft instead of sticky. You'll need to use a renewer powder.

#### Storing sex toys

A vital part of keeping your sex toys clean is how you store them. You should store them in a silk bag to protect them from bacteria. You can also keep it in the bag or box that the toy came in. Below is a chart for how different toys/materials should best be stored:

<style>
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th {background-color: #fe597e;}
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<table style="text-align:left;width:100%;">
  <tr>
    <th>material</th>
    <th>where to store</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>ABS Plastic</td>
    <td>In a lint-free fabrig bag</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Crystal, stone, wood, glass, pyrex</td>
    <td>lint-free fabrig bag or padded container</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>silicone, stainless steel</td>
    <td>Any clean container</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>jelly, rubber, elastomer, latex, cyberskin</td>
    <td>individually in a lint-free bag</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>leather</td>
    <td>store in a cool, dryplace and not in plastic</td>
  </tr>
</table>

#### Sex toys and STDs

Yes, you can get an STI from a sex toy. This will happen if you've been sharing your sex toys and not properly been cleaning them. If there's blood, semen, pre-cum, vaginal secretion, or any other bodily fluid touching the toy then it's possible to get an STI. You can also get bacterial vaginosis, yeast and UTIs transmitted to you via a toy.

If you are using anal toys your risk of infection is great. Through feaces, you can get hepatitis, parasites, intestinal amoebas, and other bacteria including Salmonella and E.coli. That's why it is so important that you clean all of your toys. So don't be lazy!

Remember, you can also spread the infection to yourself. If you have a bacterial infection and don't clean your sex toy you can just end up reinfecting yourself. The same applies to STIs.

So, the moral of the story is: don't be lazy, clean your sex toys after you use them, and clean them properly for the specific material. If you are sharing sex toys, use a condom. There's nothing sexy about an STI.

Sex Toy Hygiene

#### What is it? 

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a virus similar to the one that gives you cold sores around your lips. Genital herpes, however, causes painful blisters and sores on and around your genitals. Almost everyone has come into contact with the herpes virus at some point in their lives, and may be infected without ever experiencing any symptoms. In fact, most people carrying the virus are unaware that they've even been infected. However, just because you have the herpes virus, this doesn't mean you have genital herpes.

‍

#### What are the symptoms?

It usually takes between two and 12 days after contact with the virus for the first symptoms to appear. Occasionally symptoms can be noticed years after initial contact. However, some people exposed to the virus never become infected, while others catch herpes but never have any symptoms. This means that most people with genital herpes don't know they are infected but can pass the infection on to others. You may first notice some itching, tingling, inflammation and discomfort in the affected area. You can also experience general flu-like symptoms, such as backache, headache and a temperature, and mild swelling of the lymph glands in the groin, armpits and neck. You may then develop multiple spots or red bumps around the genital area which can be very painful. In time, these swellings can break open and form sores or ulcers, which gradually crust over, forming new skin as they heal. During this time, you may also feel pain when peeing or when opening your bowels. This first episode of genital herpes may last from two to four weeks. Repeat episodes are hardly ever as severe as the first and you may never have a repeat episode.

‍

#### How do you get it?

You usually catch genital herpes through direct skin contact with the virus. This can be from herpes sores in the genital area, or herpes sores on the mouth in the form of cold sores.The genital herpes virus is passed on by kissing, vaginal and anal sex (genital contact), oral sex, and sharing sex toys. Once you have picked up the infection, the virus stays in your body, lying dormant, and can recur in the area that was originally infected. If the virus reactivates, the ulcers can reappear and this is known as a 'recurrent episode'. You can catch herpes even if your sexual partner has no visible sores or symptoms. This is because the virus can become active on the skin without causing any visible symptoms --- this is known as 'viral shedding'. Many people who have and pass on the virus may not even know they have herpes.

‍

#### Testing

If you or your partner are worried that you may have genital herpes, see a doctor straight away. Getting tested is easy. If you have visible blisters, the doctor or nurse may be able to make a diagnosis straight away. If there are no visible blisters then a diagnosis might not be possible at this time. A swab will be used to collect a sample.

‍

#### If you have herpes:

Once you have been infected with genital herpes, the virus persists in your body and can cause a recurrence of symptoms from time to time. Recurrent episodes with symptoms will clear up by themselves without any treatment, but there is also medication to help speed up the healing process. The doctor may prescribe antiviral tablets to speed up the healing process and reduce the severity of an episode. If you start taking the medication as soon as an outbreak begins, you may shorten or even stop the episode. Some people experience frequent recurrences. In these cases, a longer course of tablets should prevent any recurrent episodes. Keep a record of when you have an episode of herpes. You may see a pattern developing and be able to identify your trigger factors. Many people find that episodes occur when they're run- down, under stress, around the time of menstruation, or when the skin gets irritated due to friction or tight clothing.

‍

#### How to avoid spreading herpes:

If you have herpes, you can follow some simple guidelines to avoid passing the virus on to your partner(s), and to continue to have a healthy and happy sex life:

-   Learn to recognise the warning signs (tingling, itching or inflammation) that an episode is starting. Do not have sex at this time.
-   Do not allow anyone to come into direct contact with your sores or blisters.
-   Avoid kissing and oral sex when you
-   or your partner have cold sores around the mouth --- or you feel that sores may be developing.
-   Remember that you can still shed the virus without having any symptoms. You should always use condoms with any
-   new partner and for any type of sexual contact. This is important when having sex with new partners.
-   The herpes virus survives within the nerves of your skin and can be passed through skin-to-skin contact. So even if you use a condom to reduce spreading, the virus may still be present on your skin that is not covered by the condom after you no longer have any symptoms. This means there is still a chance you could pass it to someone else.

‍

‍

Genital Herpes 

#### What is it?

Genital warts are skin growths caused by a virus known as the human papilloma virus (HPV). There are lots of different types of HPV. Some types cause warts on your hands and some can cause verrucas on your feet. They are usually different from those that cause warts on your genitals. HPV is very common and the lifetime risk of getting this infection is up to 80%, with only 1% of affected individuals having symptoms of warts.

There are many forms of HPV, some of which can cause cervical cancer. Genital warts are not caused by the same type as those that can cause cervical cancer. Having genital warts does not mean that you have cervical cancer, but women aged 25--64 should go for cervical smears every time they are invited.

‍

#### What are the Symptoms?

Genital warts are skin growths -- you may notice small, pinkish/white cauliflower- like lumps or warts appearing singly or in groups, around or inside the genital area.

It can take weeks, months or sometimes longer after coming into contact with the virus before genital warts appear.The warts may be itchy but are painless, although they may bleed if scratched. You might see or feel them yourself or they may be noticed by your partner, or during a medical examination. Not everyone who has the HPV virus will develop actual warts -- people can carry HPV in their skin without having visible warts.

‍

#### How does one get genital warts?

The virus is spread through skin-to- skin contact. It can be passed from one person to another during sex or close genital contact, or by sharing sex toys. It lives in the genital skin but does not spread throughout your body. HPV can be present in the skin without any warts being visible and therefore could be passed on to a sexual partner. This makes it hard to know exactly when you got the virus or who you got it from.

‍

#### Testing

If you or your partner are worried that you may have genital warts, you should see a doctor. There isn't a test for genital warts other than what can be seen when you are examined. If everything in your genital area looks and feels normal to you, then you do not have genital warts. However, you could still carry the virus that causes them. If you have genital warts or have been at risk of infection you should be tested for other sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and syphilis. People with vaginas (PWV) should have regular cervical screening (smear tests). However, you do not need to have more frequent tests just because you have had genital warts.

‍

#### What if you have genital warts?

If left untreated, genital warts may disappear on their own. However, they may also stay the same size, or grow larger in size and number. There are several different treatments available for genital warts. None of the treatments clears the virus from the body. Treatment may involve a prescribed cream or liquid that you use at home. Other treatments include freezing, which

is carried out by a doctor or nurse in the clinic. All treatments may be uncomfortable and may go on for several weeks to ensure the complete removal of the warts. Most people require treatment for at least four weeks but it may take longer. New warts may reappear following treatment due to the persistence of HPV in the skin. Stopping smoking can improve the clearance of warts.

‍

#### Preventing Infection:

HPV can't pass through a condom, so always use one to reduce the spread of the virus. However, if HPV is present on the genital skin or in areas not protected by a condom, transmission may still occur. If there are visible warts not covered by a condom, it is best to avoid sex until the warts have cleared up. The best way to prevent all sexually transmitted infections, including genital warts, as well as to protect against HIV and HPV, is to practise safer sex. This means using a condom for vaginal, oral and anal sex.


Genital Warts 

#### What is Gonorrhoea?

Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. Infection usually occurs in the genitals but can also be found in the throat, bottom or eyes.  You can catch gonorrhoea by having unprotected vaginal or anal sex, oral sex and by sharing sex toys. It is not caught by kissing. You or your partner could have picked up the infection from a previous partner without knowing it. It can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.

‍

#### What are the Symptoms?

Some people, (particularly people with vaginas) with gonorrhoea, do not have any symptoms. This means that infection can often go untreated for some time.

If you do notice the symptoms of gonorrhoea, they will usually show up between 1 to 14 days after coming into contact with the infection. In most cases, it is easier for people with penises to recognise gonorrhoea than people with vaginas and is usually seen within a week. People with penises with gonorrhoea may notice lots of green or yellow fluid coming out of the penis. This is sometimes accompanied by pain or a burning sensation when peeing, or a rash on the head of the penis. There may also be some discomfort and swelling of the testicles. About 3 in 4 people with vaginas' do not have any obvious symptoms. Symptoms may take slightly longer to appear than for penises. These tend to be increased discharge from the vagina, pain in the abdomen, or pain when peeing. Sometimes vagina owners may experience bleeding in between periods, after sex, or have irregular or heavy periods. Gonorrhoea can also infect other areas, for example, the throat or bottom. Infections in these areas are less likely to be noticed.

‍

#### Testing

If you or your partner are worried that you may have gonorrhea, see a doctor or nurse straight away. Even if you don't have any symptoms, you may wish to be tested. You may have gonorrhea even if your partner has tested negative --- it is always a good idea to get a regular check-up for sexually transmitted infections whenever you change your sexual partner.

You should always have an STI check two to three weeks after you've had a new sexual partner.

Getting tested is easy! Usually, the test will involve a swab, this is quick, easy, and doesn't hurt. So, don't be lazy. Sometimes you will be asked to give a urine sample. Sometimes you will be able to get the results straight away other times it may take anywhere from a couple of days to a week or two. This will depend on where you get the test done.  Whenever you get tested opt for a full sexual health screening.

‍

#### What if you test positive?

Early treatment of gonorrhea is very simple and usually involves being given a dose of antibiotics. You may be advised to have another test to check that gonorrhoea has gone completely. It is vital that you avoid penetrative and oral sex until you and your partner have finished your treatment.  If you test positive you must speak to your sexual partner or partners. This is important so that they too can get tested. If left untreated an infection can cause serious illness.

‍

#### What if gonorrhea is not treated?

Gonorrhoea remains untreated, there is a risk of passing the infection on to others. You are also at risk of serious complications.

For penis owners, untreated gonorrhoea may lead to infection of the testicles, causing pain and swelling and, in some cases, infertility.

Some vaginal owners, who have untreated gonorrhoea may develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and in some serious cases, the infection can result in ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Infection while pregnant can result in the premature birth of the baby.

‍

#### Safe Sex

The best way to prevent all sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV, is to practice safer sex. This means using a condom for vaginal, anal, and oral sex.

Remember, you do not have to have lots of sexual partners to get an STI. However, you are more likely to get an STI if you have had a recent change in partners or if you've had multiple partners in the last couple of months.

Always practice safe sex, this includes oral sex! Use a condom, there's no excuse not to. If you find them uncomfortable, then spend some time trying different brands, shapes, and sizes. In addition, if you are participating in group sex, use a different condom for each person/hole. And remember, safety is sexy!

Refer to our clinic search to find your closest Sexual health clinic.

‍

Gonorrhoea 

#### What is it?

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) which affects men and women. It is caused by bacteria that can go undetected for a very long time. It is a common infection with around 1 in 10 young people under the age of 25 testing positive. Most people with chlamydia do not experience any obvious symptoms and so may not realise that they have it.

#### What are the symptoms?

Most people with chlamydia will not have any symptoms. If symptoms are present, these usually include discharge from the penis or vagina, and pain or a burning sensation when peeing. Women may also experience pain during sex or bleeding in between periods or after sex. Men may notice some discomfort and swelling of the testicles. Symptoms of chlamydia can occur at any time in a regular sexual relationship, but they are more likely to show up between 1 and 6 weeks after having unprotected sex with someone who has chlamydia. Sometimes the infection is discovered when one partner develops symptoms, but more often it is diagnosed when someone goes for a check-up. More than half of people with chlamydia have no symptoms, so if you have had sex with someone who has chlamydia, you should consider having a test. You can be at risk even if you have had unprotected sex only once.

‍

#### How do you catch it?

You can catch chlamydia by having unprotected sex and by sharing sex toys. Chlamydia can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. When this happens, the baby may develop eye or chest infections. Any sexually active person can catch chlamydia although it is most common in women between the ages of 15 and 19, and men under the age of 25. You or your partner could have picked up the infection from a previous partner without even knowing it. The more sexual partners you have, the more chance you have of being infected.

‍

#### Getting Tested

If you or your partner are worried that you may have chlamydia, or any other STI, arrange to be tested. Getting tested is simple. If you have symptoms, the nurse, doctor or clinician may examine you and use a swab to take a sample from the vagina or penis. A swab looks a bit like a cotton bud, and collecting a sample only takes a few minutes and

is not painful, although it may be a little uncomfortable. People with penis' who do not have any symptoms will usually be asked to provide a urine sample. People with vaginas' who do not have any symptoms will usually take a swab themselves from the entrance to the vagina. A urine sample might be offered, although the results from this are not as accurate as a swab.

‍

#### What happens if you test positive?

‍

Test results are usually available within 7 to 14 days. A chlamydia infection is easily treated with a course of antibiotics and both you and your regular partner(s) will need treatment.

Sometimes you will be treated straight away without waiting the result of a test. For instance, if your partner(s) has tested positive. The following important points should be noted:

-   You will probably be given a short course of antibiotics.
-   Your current and previous partner(s) will be advised to attend for treatment and/or a test for chlamydia.
-   **- Do not have sex, even with condoms, **until 1 week after both you and your partner have completed the treatment.

-   If untreated, an infection can lead to other more serious problems. In women, chlamydia may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. Rarely, fertility problems (difficulty in becoming pregnant).
-   If men are not treated, the infection may spread to the testicles and cause discomfort. These problems are rare but the risk increases every time you get chlamydia.

‍

#### How to prevent Infection:

STIs can pass from one person to another through unprotected sex and sharing sex toys. You don't need to have lots of sexual partners to get an STI. However, you are more likely to have an STI if you have had a recent change in a sexual partner or if you have had more than two sexual partners in the last 12 months. Safer sex involves using condoms for oral sex, condoms for vaginal sex, and condoms with water-based lube for anal sex. This helps prevent infections from being passed on to your partner. Always get tested after you have a new sexual partner, and be honest with your partners about your sexual health results. Remember, safety is sexy!

‍

‍

Chlamydia 

#### Introduction

Normal vaginal secretions keep the vagina moist and help to protect against damage or infection. It is usual for people with vaginas (PWV) to have a variable amount of vaginal discharge that is white or clear. This can increase or decrease at certain times depending on your monthly cycle, whether you are pregnant, or if you are sexually aroused or 'turned on'.

Some things, however, can disrupt this normal, healthy balance. Common causes of irritation include antibiotics, clothing, over-washing, or the use of strong soaps, fabric softeners, shower gels or vaginal deodorants. Irritation and any change in vaginal discharge could mean that something is not right. These changes may be:

**- **more discharge than usual

**- **an unpleasant smell, often worse after sex

**- **a change in the colour of discharge

**- **sore, itchy skin around the genital area

**- **discomfort when passing urine

**- **a rash or tiny cuts in the genital area

‍

#### What infection can the vagina get?

‍

PWV can get a number of different vaginal infections. Two of the most common are called thrush (candidiasis), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) -- these infections are not sexually transmitted. If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned in this leaflet, visit your local GP surgery or pharmacy for help and advice. Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia and trichomonas vaginalis

(TV or 'trichs'), can also cause a heavier discharge than usual so it is important to get any change in discharge checked out if you think you might have a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

‍

#### Thrush

Thrush is a very common infection. It is caused by yeast, known as candida, which usually lives harmlessly on the skin and in the mouth, gut and vagina. It doesn't usually cause any problems but, under certain conditions, the yeast multiplies in the vagina and causes a number of uncomfortable symptoms. Thrush is not usually transmitted sexually but having sex can irritate the vagina and make the symptoms more obvious. Most PWV will have an episode of thrush at least once in their lifetime. Other factors that can encourage candida to multiply and result in thrush include:

-   taking antibiotics (some women develop thrush after taking antibiotics and other medication for another illness)
-   using a vaginal deodorant or perfumed bubble bath
-   using perfumed fabric softener
-   using baby/alcohol wipes on the
-   genital skin
-   broken skin which is inflamed and irritated
-   wearing nylon underwear or tight-fitting trousers (a moist, warm environment helps the yeast to flourish)
-   pregnancy
-   diabetes.

‍

#### Symptoms of Thrush:

-   You may notice:
-   itching, soreness and swelling around the genital area
-   a thick, white discharge
-   burning discomfort during sex
-   pain when peeing.
-   If you think that you may have thrush, speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist who can offer treatment on the basis of your symptoms. Testing is not always necessary.

‍

#### How to prevent thrush:

-   Avoid wearing tights, nylon underwear or tight trousers or jeans.
-   Avoid using perfumed soaps or bubble bath, vaginal deodorants and disinfectants.
-   Stop using a perfumed fabric softener when washing towels and underwear.
-   Consider washing with a soap substitute --- your pharmacist can advise what is best for you.
-   Avoid using alcohol/baby wipes on your genital skin.
-   After going to the toilet, always wipe from the front to the back to avoid transferring germs to the vagina.
-   If you develop thrush when you use antibiotics, it may be worth asking your doctor to prescribe treatment for thrush at the same time.

‍

#### Treatment:

Treatment for thrush is usually simple. A cream can be applied to the affected area to relieve the itching and soreness, and women may be given special tablets (known as 'pessaries') to insert directly into the vagina. You might also be given

a tablet to take by mouth. Some creams that are used for the treatment of thrush can weaken latex condoms, contraceptive diaphragms and caps. You will not pass thrush on to a partner if you have sex when you have an episode, but sex may be uncomfortable, so you may want to avoid it for a few days.

‍

#### Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when bacteria that normally live in the vagina multiply and cause symptoms. This may be triggered by using perfumed bubble bath or soap, vaginal deodorants, a strong detergent or fabric softener for washing clothes, underwear or towels, or smoking. The exact cause is, however, unknown. Although BV is not sexually transmitted, having sex can cause BV to develop because the semen in the vagina may alter the acid level which helps the bacteria to multiply and cause symptoms. People with penises can't catch BV.

‍

#### What are the symptoms:

Often there aren't any symptoms. You may notice a change in the normal discharge from the vagina. This discharge could be white, heavier than usual, and have a fishy smell which can be more noticeable during and after sex, and during periods.

Treatment for BV is usually simple. There are a number of different types of antibiotics available --- a cream to use in the vagina may also be given. A non-antibiotic gel can also be bought from your pharmacist.

Some creams can weaken latex condoms, diaphragms and other forms of contraception. Ask the person giving you the cream if this applies to your treatment. They will give you advice about other forms of contraception that may be available and suitable for you to use when you are being treated.

Always tell the doctor or nurse if you are pregnant or think you might be, or if you are breastfeeding. This may also affect the type of treatment you are given.

Female partners do not need treatment unless they also have symptoms. Partners with penises do not need to be treated.

‍

‍

Vaginal Health 

#### Introduction

**HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that damages the cells in your immune system and weakens your ability to fight everyday infections and disease.**

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the name used to describe a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when your immune system has been severely damaged by the HIV virus.

While AIDS cannot be transmitted from 1 person to another, the HIV virus can.

There's currently no cure for HIV, but there are very effective drug treatments that enable most people with the virus to live a long and healthy life.

With an early diagnosis and effective treatments, most people with HIV will not develop any AIDS-related illnesses and will live a near-normal lifespan. 

‍

#### Symptoms

**Most people infected with HIV experience a short, flu-like illness that occurs 2-6 weeks after infection. After this, HIV may not cause any symptoms for several years.**

It's estimated up to 80% of people who are infected with HIV experience this flu-like illness.

The most common symptoms are:

-   raised temperature (fever)
-   sore throat
-   body rash

#### Other symptoms can include:

-   tiredness
-   joint pain
-   muscle pain
-   swollen glands

The symptoms usually last 1-2 weeks, but can be longer. They're a sign that your immune system is putting up a fight against the virus. But having these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have the HIV virus. Remember: they're commonly caused by conditions other than HIV. If you have several of these symptoms and think you've been at risk of HIV infection within the past few weeks, you should get an [HIV test](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/diagnosis/). After the initial symptoms disappear, HIV may not cause any further symptoms for many years.

During this time, the virus continues to be active and causes progressive damage to your immune system.

This process can vary from person to person, but may take up to 10 years, during which you'll feel and appear well. Once the immune system becomes severely damaged, symptoms can include:

-   weight loss
-   chronic diarrhoea
-   night sweats
-   skin problems
-   recurrent infections
-   serious life-threatening illnesses

Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV can prevent these problems.

‍

#### Causes 

**Sexual contact**

Most people diagnosed with HIV acquire the virus through unprotected vaginal or anal sex.

It may also be possible to catch HIV through unprotected oral sex, but the risk is much lower. The risk is higher if:

-   the person giving oral sex has mouth ulcers, sores or bleeding gums
-   the person receiving oral sex has recently been infected with HIV and has a lot of the virus in their body, or another sexually transmitted infection.

People who are at higher risk of becoming infected with HIV include:

-   people with a current or previous partner with HIV
-   people with a current or previous partner who is from an area with high HIV rates
-   people who are from an area with high HIV rates
-   people who engage in chem sex (using drugs to help or enhance sex)
-   People with penises (PWP) who have unprotected sex with PWP
-   People with vaginas (PWV) who have unprotected sex with PWP who have sex with PWP.
-   people who inject drugs and share equipment
-   people who have unprotected sex with somebody who has injected drugs and shared equipment
-   people who share sex toys with someone infected with HIV
-   people with a history of sexually transmitted infections, hepatitis B or hepatitis C
-   people who have had multiple sexual partners
-   people who have been raped
-   people who have received a blood transfusion, transplant or other risk-prone procedures in countries that do not have strong screening for HIV
-   healthcare workers who could accidentally prick themselves with an infected needle -- but this risk is extremely low
-   babies born from a parent with untreated HIV

‍

#### Transmission

-   HIV is not passed on easily from one person to another. The virus does not spread through the air like cold and flu viruses. HIV lives in the blood and in some body fluids. To get HIV, 1 of these fluids from someone with HIV has to get into your blood.
-   The body fluids that contain enough HIV to infect someone are:
-   semen
-   vaginal fluids, including menstrual blood
-   breast milk
-   blood
-   lining inside the anus
-   Other body fluids, like saliva, sweat or urine, do not contain enough of the virus to infect another person.The main ways the virus enters the bloodstream are:
-   by injecting into the bloodstream with needles or injecting equipment that's been shared with other people
-   through the thin lining on or inside the anus, vagina and genitals
-   through the thin lining of the mouth and eyes
-   through cuts and sores in the skin
-   HIV is not passed on through:
-   spitting
-   kissing
-   being bitten
-   contact with unbroken, healthy skin
-   being sneezed on
-   sharing baths, towels or cutlery
-   using the same toilets or swimming pools
-   mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
-   contact with animals or insects like mosquitoes
-   HIV infects the immune system, causing progressive damage and eventually making it unable to fight off infections. The virus attaches itself to immune system cells called CD4 lymphocyte cells, which protect the body against various bacteria, viruses and other germs.

Once attached, it enters the CD4 cells and uses it to make thousands of copies of itself. These copies then leave the CD4 cells, killing them in the process.This process continues until eventually the number of CD4 cells, also called your CD4 count, drops so low that your immune system stops working. This process may take up to 10 years, during which time you'll feel and appear well.

‍

#### Testing

Seek medical advice immediately if you think there's a chance you could have HIV. The earlier it's diagnosed, the earlier you can start treatment and avoid becoming seriously ill. Some HIV tests may need to be repeated 1-3 months after exposure to HIV infection, but you should not wait this long to seek help. A GP or a sexual health professional can talk to you about having a test and discuss whether you should take emergency HIV medicine. Anti-HIV medicine called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may stop you from becoming infected if taken within 72 hours of being exposed to the virus.

You should be able to get PEP from:

-   sexual health clinics or genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics
-   hospitals -- usually accident and emergency (A&E) departments

If you already have HIV, try your HIV clinic if the PEP is for someone you've had sex with.

‍

If you're positive:

‍

If you're diagnosed with HIV, you'll have regular blood tests to monitor the progress of the HIV infection before starting treatment.

2 important blood tests are:

-   **HIV viral load test** -- a blood test that monitors the amount of HIV virus in your blood
-   **CD4 lymphocyte cell count** -- which measures how the HIV has affected your immune system

Treatment can be started at any point following your diagnosis, depending on your circumstances and in consultation with your HIV doctor. HIV is treated with antiretroviral medicines, which work by stopping the virus replicating in the body. This allows the immune system to repair itself and prevent further damage. A combination of HIV drugs is used because HIV can quickly adapt and become resistant. Some HIV treatments have been combined into a single pill, known as a fixed dose combination, although these often cost more to prescribe. Usually, people who have just been diagnosed with HIV take between 1 and 4 pills a day.Different combinations of HIV medicines work for different people, so the medicine you take will be individual to you.

‍

#### Prevention

**Condoms**

Both male condoms and female condoms are available. They come in a variety of colours, textures, materials and flavours. A condom is the most effective form of protection against HIV and other STIs. It can be used for vaginal and anal sex, and for oral sex performed on PWP. HIV can be passed on before ejaculation through pre-cum and vaginal secretions, and from the anus. It's very important condoms are put on before any sexual contact occurs between the penis, vagina, mouth or anus. Lastly, if you are participating in group sex you must wear a different condom for each different person you sleep with/hole.

**Lubricant**

Lubricant, or lube, is often used to enhance sexual pleasure and safety by adding moisture to either the vagina or anus during sex.Lubricant can make sex safer by reducing the risk of vaginal or anal tears caused by dryness or friction, and can also prevent a condom tearing.Only water-based lubricant (such as K-Y Jelly) rather than an oil-based lubricant (such as Vaseline or massage and baby oil) should be used with condoms. Oil-based lubricants weaken the latex in condoms and can cause them to break or tear.

**Sharing needles and injecting equipment**

If you inject drugs, this could expose you to HIV and other viruses found in blood, such as hepatitis C. It's important not to share needles, syringes, injecting equipment such as spoons and swabs, or the actual drugs or liquids used to dilute them. Many local authorities and pharmacies offer needle exchange programmes, where used needles can be exchanged for clean ones. If you're a heroin user, consider enrolling in a methadone programme. Methadone can be taken as a liquid, so it reduces your risk of getting HIV. A GP or drug counsellor should be able to advise you about both needle exchange programmes and methadone programmes.If you're having a tattoo or piercing, it's important that a clean, sterilised needle is always used.

**HIV prevention medicine**

If you're HIV negative, you may be able to take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medicine to reduce your risk of getting the virus.

PrEP is available for some people who are at high risk of HIV infection -- for example, those whose partner is HIV positive.

‍

HIV/AIDS

#### WHAT IS IT? 

Many people with vaginas (PWV) get cystitis; around 1 in 3 PWV will experience cystitis at some point in their lives.

Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder. This can be caused by infection from germs from your bowels or urine stagnating in your bladder. It might also be due to wearing clothes that are too tight, or using perfumed bubble bath, soap or talcum powder that irritate your skin.

You may have cystitis if you:

-   urgently and frequently need to go to the toilet to pass urine
-   can only pass small amounts of urine, and it hurts when you do
-   feel feverish and generally unwell
-   have a dull ache in your stomach and back.

Cystitis often clears up on its own after a few days. There are things

you can do to make yourself more comfortable but if you are worried you can get advice from your doctor.

-   Take mild painkillers for the pain and to reduce a temperature.
-   A hot water bottle laid on your stomach or sitting at the base of your back may be soothing.
-   You may want to avoid sex until the cystitis has gone -- sex can further irritate cystitis.
-   Cutting down on caffeine and alcohol, sticking to a low-acid diet (no spicy food or citrus fruits) and simple remedies (like taking bicarbonate
-   of soda mixed with water) can stop the burning feeling when you go to the toilet.
-   Drinking lots of water may help flush out the infection, though this means you'll need to go to the toilet even more.

#### REDUCING CYSTITIS

You can also reduce the risk of getting cystitis in future:

-   Maintain personal hygiene but don't overdo it. Too much washing, especially with perfumed products, can damage the skin and allow germs to thrive.
-   Take showers instead of baths for less contact with chemicals in cleaning products.
-   After going to the toilet, always wipe your bottom from front to back to avoid transferring germs from your bowels to your bladder.
-   Drink plenty of fluids and go to the toilet when you need to --- try not to 'hang on' or stop mid-stream as this gives germs a chance to linger and cause infections.
-   Wearing cotton underwear and avoiding wearing tight jeans and trousers all reduce the risk of irritation.
-   Some PWV get cystitis after sex, possibly because it damages the skin or transfers germs. There's less risk of infection if you empty your bladder before and straight after sex.

‍

‍

Cystitis 

STD Quiz 

HIV Quiz 

First off, don’t beat yourself up or feel ashamed. There are a lot of stigmas attached to STDs, but what people don’t realize is that it can be pretty common! Especially bacterial infections like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are highly contagious and anyone can get it, whether you are promiscuous or monogamous. Also, a concerning amount of people don’t know this ( you can blame the lack of early sex education for that!) you don’t even need to have intercourse to contract it-you can even get it from oral sex, or sharing sex toys! The first step when you get a positive test result is to get treatment as soon as possible, and then the hard part..
This goes without saying but the quick answer is YES, it is absolutely imperative that you disclose this to your partner(s). This may be an uncomfortable discussion but it is vital as many STDS can be asymptomatic (no symptoms), and not treating it can develop into more complications that can result in infertility, and even death in some cases (depending on the STD) . Some even have no cure, such as HPV and HSV, but medication is available to keep your symptoms at bay. Also, if you want to continue having a sexual realtionship with someone, you need to let them know otherwise they can just pass it back you, creating a vicious cycle.
Depending on where you are in the world, some doctors offices allow you to send anonymous notifications to your partner(s) that they were in contact with someone (you) who tested positive for an STD and to come in for testing and/or treatment. This way may be easier for some, but they still may be able to work out that you infected them, so it’s always better to come clean. If you have unprotected sex there is always a risk of tramission, so although it’s easier said than done always be very honest with your partner(s) when you decide to have unprotected sex, or even get tested together before you decide to do so. Not only that, but you need to have good communication and honesty about other potential partners as this will increase the risks.
Be direct and honest about the situation, and don’t pass blame unless you know they have deceived you in some way, and in that case, be strong and don’t have sex with them anymore. There are plenty of people out there who are on top of their sexual health and the right person will comply and not get defensive when asked of their status, or whether they gave it to you. Even if you are in a monogamous relationship, its important to test because (sorry to be cynical here) you never truly know what they are doing in your absence. I have heard countless stories of people putting their partner at risk because of their negligence and not having a conversation about it because it’s deemed scary or difficult.
Often times STDs get spread because many people are afraid to have that conversation because it’s not the easiest conversation to be had,but it could ultimately save you a lot of hassle and risk to your health. If someone gets defensive or is pushing you to have sex without a condom and they’re not tested, reacess whether or not you want to engage in sexual activity
with someone who doesn’t have any regard for your health. It may kill the mood, but ultimately it could save your life.

You test positive for an STD. Now what?

STDS are always a risk whenever you have sex, even if you are not having it with the
opposite sex. This article focuses on the risks of STDS if your sex is female,and you have sex
with other females or persons with vulvas. These are some ways STDS can still be
transmitted, and how to prevent risk of transmission.

This is an obvious one- always get tested before you have sexual contact with a new
partner. Although there is no risk of pregnancy here, there is still risk of transmitting
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HIV, HPV, and HSV (herpes) - among others. Your risk of
transmitting or contracting an STD will increase if you have sexual contact while on your menstrual cycle. Listed below are other ways on how this happens, and ways to lower the risks:

STDS such as HPV and HSV are transmitted from skin to skin contact, and others such as
Bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas, chlamydia and gonorrhea and in some cases HIV and Syphilis
can be transmitted through exchanging vaginal fluids. This can happen during oral
sex(vaginal). The same applies when a woman is giving or receiving oral sex anally. To help
lower the risk, you can use a dental dam when engaging in oral sex, which will protect you
and your partner ( or at least make it less risky) .
Not going down on someone won’t keep you 100% safe either. These stds can also be
spread from inserting a finger into the vagina- and can be transmitted this way if a woman gets
exposed to the fluids from an infected partner. For this, using thin gloves ( think OBGYN) can
help.
As previously mentioned, skin to skin contact can spread STDS ,particularly Herpes and public
lice(aka crabs). To prevent the risks, never have sex with someone with an active sore present,
as they are highly contagious. Always check to see there aren’t any open sores and wounds
present.
It’s not unusual to use sex toys during sex. However, when toys are shared vaginally, orally, and
anally, this is another way that STDS can be transmitted. This risk can be reduced by not
sharing toys. If you decide to share toys, consider using a condom for any penetrative activity to
reduce this risk, and be sure to clean them with a toy cleaner after use.

Activities where blood play is involved where you’re transmitting blood can put you at risk of
Hepatitis B,C ,and HIV. Be sure to always use clean needles, and do not share them.
Vaccination is available for Hepatitis B.
To reiterate- the most important thing to minimize risk of STD is always testing , and open
honest communication with your partner. Be sure to always test before, and if you are still
worried of possible exposure, take these precautions for extra protection- always remember to
practice safe sex!

Tips for safe lesbian sex 

What is a UTI? 

A UTI is an infection in the urinary system (kidneys, bladders, urethra and ureters). 
People with vulvas are at higher risk for UTIs than penis owners. 


What are the causes of UTIs? 

UTIs occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract, and begins to spread through the bladder. 
Sex and increase the risk of UTIs. You can also get UTIs from bacteria in the anus, spreading. Certain types of birth control such as the diaphragm can also increase the risk of UTIs. 


How do you know if you have a UTI?

If you think that you have a UTI, go to your doctor, as you may need antibiotics. 
Here are some of the most common symptoms: 

Feeling as though you need to pee constantly 
Frequent urination 
Burning when urinating 
Urine smells
Cloudy urine
Blood in your urine 
Pelvic or back pain 


How can you prevent UTIs? 

There are a couple of ways in which you can reduce the risk of UTIs:

Cranberry juice 
Make sure you wipe your vulva before wiping your anus (don’t go back to front)
Pee after sex 
Drink lots of water 
Make sure you and your partner wash your hands before sex 


UTIs explained from causes to prevention 

Sometimes you might find yourself wondering if you have a UTI or an STI, as they have quite similar symptoms. 

First things first, what is an STI? 

STI’s are sexually transmitted infections. There are multiple different types of STIs, some are caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites. Some STIs can cause burning whilst peeing which is what often gets confused with a UTI. 

What is a UTI?
A UTI is an infection in the urinary system (kidneys, bladders, urethra and ureters). People with vulvas are at higher risk for UTIs than penis owners.
How do you know if it's a UTI or an STI?

If you have any symptoms regardless if you think it's a UTI or STI, go speak to your doctor ASAP. 

However, if you have any of the following symptoms then it might be more likely to be an STI:

Abnormal discharge 
Pain during sex
Itches 
Blisters or rash around your genitals
Heavy or painful periods 

It’s more likely to be a UTI if:

Burning whilst urinating 
No discharge 
Pelvic pain 
Frequent peeing 


UTIs vs STIs 

Some people use the terms STIs and STDs interchangeably. I have to admit I am definitely one of those people. I often ask myself, is there a difference? Well, apparently there is a BIG difference. 

STDs are a sexually transmitted disease whereas, STIs are sexually transmitted infections. An STI only becomes an STD when it causes symptoms. Infections have not yet turned into diseases and are usually when there are no symptoms. So, all STDs start as an STI when it comes to sexually transmitted ones. However, not all STIs develop into STDs.

If you ever think that you have an STI, then go get tested and speak with your doctor. 


What's the difference between an STD and an STI?

How sexual health differs globally 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), STD cases have been reported to increase considerably in the last few years, and STDs present a real threat to young adults’ health. Aside from suggestions for proactive prevention like testing, screening and using condoms, vaccination is also an effective method to prevent STDs. Currently, vaccines are available for human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. there is no vaccine to prevent syphilis, gonorrhoea or chlamydia but many of them are already under development and in trial phases.

Hepatitis A vaccines
Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is primarily transmitted through oral contact with faeces, for example, from food source contamination, or oral or anal sex. Hepatitis A vaccines are recommended for all children and adolescents, especially for people exposed to high-risk areas or people who already have hepatitis B and hepatitis C. 
Hepatitis B vaccines
Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, mainly passed on by body fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretion through sexual contact or sharing needles with infected people. Hepatitis B vaccines are recommended for all people especially those with chronic liver disease, HIV or hepatitis B.
HPV vaccines
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of the common viruses’ group that affect the skin. There are 100 different types of HPV, some of them do not cause any problems, but some can cause genital warts or cervical cancer. HPV vaccines are effective to protect again most of those viruses that cause warts or cancer. HPV vaccines are recommended to all children at age of 11 or 12, with the catch-up vaccination up to age 26.



https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/vaccines/#:~:text=One%20important%20prevention%20tool%20against,herpes%20simplex%20virus%20(HSV)
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/human-papilloma-virus-hpv/


STDs/UTIs

How to put a Condom on

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Aftercare

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What is a Dental Dam

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Sustainable/Eco-Friendly Condoms

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Sex Toy Hygiene

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Genital Herpes

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Genital Warts

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Gonorrhoea

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Chlamydia

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Vaginal Health

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HIV/AIDS

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Cystitis

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STD Quiz

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HIV Quiz

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You test positive for an STD. Now what?

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Tips for safe lesbian sex

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UTIs explained from causes to prevention

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UTIs vs STIs

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What's the difference between an STD and an STI?

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How sexual health differs globally

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Vaccines for STDs

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